• Christian, D. (1986) Imperial and Soviet Russia: Power, Privilege and the Challenge of Modernity.  Basingstoke: Macmillan

• Dukes, P. (1998) 3^rd edn. A History of Russia c.882-1996.  Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

• Figes, O. (1996) A Peoples Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924.   London: Pimlico

• Freeze, L. (ed.) (2002) 2^nd edn. Russia: A History.  Oxford: Oxford University Press

• Hutchinson, J.F. (1999) Late Imperial Russia 1890-1917.  Harlow: Longman

• Katkov, G., Oberlander, E., Poppe, N., and von Rauch, G. (1971) Russia Enters the Twentieth Century 1894-1917.  London: Temple Smith

• Kochan, L. (1962) The Making of Modern Russia.  Harmondsworth: Penguin

• Kochan, L. (1966) Russia in Revolution 1890-1918.  London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson

• Lieven, D. (1993) Nicholas II: Emperor of all the Russias.  London: Pimlico

• Rogger, H. (1983) Russia in the Age of Modernisation and Revolution 1881-1917.  Harlow: Longman

Website

• Allrussias.com (2009) The Last Romanovs [online] available from http://allrussias.com/tsarist_russia/romanovs_1.asp [21 February 2009]