most tragic thing we've never seen.". In March, the three-minute documentary began in
series the story of "Hots we could see, we might; here's famous, the show - a movie on
|
|
|
|
the russian
constitution of 1993 |
 |
|
with
the collapse of the soviet union it became clear that russia would
need a new constitution free from the layers of the past. work on a
new constitution began at the beginning of the 1990s amidst broad
public discussion and resulted in several different drafts being
prepared. the main ones were the draft constitution drawn up by the
russian supreme soviet抯 constitutional commission and the draft
prepared by the constitutional conference convoked by decision of
the president. the constitutional conference抯 draft reflected many
of the provisions in the constitutional commission抯 draft and was
adopted as the basis for further work to draw up a final draft
constitution. the russian regions, deputies, specialists and working
groups were all involved in this process. the result was a draft
constitution submitted by the president to the nation in a
referendum. the referendum was held on the basis of the provision
for a referendum on the draft constitution of the russian
federation.
a total of 58,187,755 voters, or 54.8 percent of the registered
voters, took part in the referendum on the new draft constitution on
december 12, 1993. of this total, 32,937,30 voters, or 58.4 percent
of those who took part in the referendum, voted in favour of the
draft constitution and it was adopted. it officially came into force
on december 25, 1993, at the moment of its official publication.
the 1993 constitution considerably changed the way the state power
system is organised and made a lot of progress toward improving
russia抯 federal structure. for the first time in russia抯 history,
the constitution抯 provisions have direct application. this means
that any person can defend their rights based on the constitution抯
provisions, and when examining cases and settling disputes, the
courts and other state bodies must base themselves above all on the
constitution抯 provisions. the constitution represents the highest
law in the country and so all other laws must conform to its
provisions. this is achieved in particular through a system of
judicial constitutional control.
unlike in the past, the 1993 constitution does not proclaim a
predetermined unified economic system based on state ownership, but
gives equal protection to all forms of ownership and guarantees the
freedom and development of civil society.
the constitution forms the country抯 legal foundation, proclaims the
president of the russian federation the head of state and lays upon
him the responsibility for defending the constitution, human rights
and civil liberties, safeguarding russia抯 sovereignty, independence
and territorial integrity, and ensuring the coordinated functioning
and cooperation of the state bodies of power.
the full text of the constitution of the russian
federation is available here.
|
|
|
|
the
constitutional process |
|
