The development of the political system under Putin seems to have revived certain characteristics typical of the traditional Russian state. The prerogatives of the Russian leader – be it Moscow prince, all-Russian tsar, or Soviet general secretary – have traditionally been vast and autocratic and have also been hostile to pluralism.

The worship of the leader is also an engrained Russian tradition and a need, which apparently is deeply entrenched in the Russian mentality. Even the suffering inflicted during the years of Stalin’s cult has not provided sufficient immunity against a revival of attitudes of adulation and deference toward the supreme leader.

Putin and his circle readily draw on these traditions and public attitudes in their efforts to reclaim the state. Analysts comment on the first signs of the leader’s cult that became noticeable as the country marked the first anniversary of Putin’s inauguration. Books and brochures devoted to the president or describing the childhood years of “little Volodya” (diminutive for Vladimir) have saturated bookstores and newsstands. His portraits are produced in every desired format: one for the desk, another for the wall, and still others for official receptions.

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