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in a
few months?time control of the country passed into the hands of the
deeply anticapitalist bolsheviks. they immediately set about the
task of laying down the foundations of a socialist economy. |
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to lenin
and his followers this meant, first of all, the implementation of
marxist ideas of abolishing private ownership on the means of
production and 搒ocializing?private property. as a result, a
socialist mode of production would be set up based on public
ownership and a planned economy. money-commodity relations would be
replaced by the administrative distribution of commodities from a
single center. the 搒ocialization?of the means of production would
be achieved through the 揺xpropriation of the expropriators.?/span>
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the
bolsheviks took these ideas from the founder of marxism. the phrase
揺xpropriation of the expropriators?itself belongs to marx and
provides an effective finale to the first volume of his
capital:
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the
monopoly of capital becomes a fetter upon the mode of production
which has flourished alongside and under it. the centralisation of
the means of production and the socialization of labor reach a point
at which they become incompatible with their capitalist integument.
this integument is burst asunder. the knell of capitalist private
property sounds. the expropriators are expropriated.
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this
passage can be regarded as the final conclusion of marx抯 entire
theory. there is little doubt that these words fired the imagination
of lenin and his followers. the new rulers of russia faced a huge
task of transforming the relations of ownership and of organizing
and managing production in a new way. they were determined to
overhaul the country抯 life along socialist lines as quickly as
possible and to institute a centrally planned economy. they wanted
the state to control all economic activity: to define priorities,
allocate resources, and determine prices and wages. in other words,
from the beginning, the soviet economy was conceived as a 揷ommand
economy,?that is, one based on instructions issued from above and
not on the law of supply and demand.
