After hackers sent a fake post in 2013 from The Associated Press's Twitter feed saying President Barack Obama had been injured in an explosion at the White House, forcing a temporary market drop, traditional media outlets have tightened up the way they address the problems of misinformation.
One study showed that disinformation about the yellow jackets was viewed 100 million times on Facebook alone - and that the source of the falsehoods was primarily RT, the Russian television network funded by the Kremlin.
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sakharov
and
solzhenitsyn抯
international reputation to some extent protected them from
persecution by the authorities. however, when in 1974 kgb agents
discovered a copy of solzhenitsyn抯 manuscript
the gulag archipelago,
the authorities had had enough. the book, a copy of which had been
smuggled to the west and published there, disclosed the chief soviet
secret about the scale, history, and methods of stalin抯 terror.
written as a work of political journalism, it was based on
interviews with hundreds of victims of stalinist repressions, as
well as the writer抯 own experience in a labor camp as part of a
ten-year sentence as punishment for a critical remark about stalin
made in a letter to a friend. in contrast to khrushchev抯 搒ecret
speech,?solzhenitsyn抯 book was a profound and fundamental
condemnation of the entire soviet system. the writer rejected the
notion of stalinism and treated the events of stalin抯 era as part
of lenin抯 legacy and as a logical development of bolshevism.
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the gulag archipelago (click to enlarge)
solzhenitsyn demanded the punishment of individuals still alive who
had been accomplices in stalin抯 actions, as well as the
condemnation of the communist system that had perpetrated such
unspeakable crimes against its own people. such calls could not be
allowed to go unchallenged, and in 1974 solzhenitsyn was forcibly
deported to the west. however, the damage that his book did to the
reputation of soviet socialism was irreparable: with the publication
of
the gulag archipelago,
nobody in the west could any longer believe in the radiant image of
the ussr as the stronghold of progressive humanity and the defender
of all the oppressed.
in
presenting alternatives to the soviet regime, solzhenitsyn did not
idealize western ideological influences that filtered through the
搃ron curtain.?he believed that the west抯 emphases on democracy
and individual freedom were not entirely suited to russia and
advocated instead a benevolent authoritarian regime that would be
based on the ideological and spiritual foundation of russia抯
traditional christian values.
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