What are BITS and gifted subs on twitch?
Other - Seems random, Ive had the same person Sub and get varied amounts. I used to think this was currency exchange but even people from the US I got $2.32 a couple of days ago for a sub. Where Ive had another who has subbed many months go between $1 and $2.38.
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in
december 1936 a new soviet constitution was adopted, hailed by
official propaganda as a 揷onstitution of the victorious socialism.?
the period of transition from capitalist to socialist patterns was
now declared over. the 搒ocialist offensive?had resulted in the
creation of a socialist society and the completion of the first
phase of communism, socialism. |
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the constitution formalized the new
ownership relations and the rights and obligations of soviet
citizens. it referred to soviets of people抯 deputies as the
political foundation of the ussr, while public ownership of
productive resources was proclaimed to be its economic base. it
guaranteed the rights to work, rest, education, and many others. in
its content, the constitution appeared to be an epitome of
democracy. the electoral system to soviets of all levels was also
changed: suffrage became universal, equal, and direct with secret
ballot; and no categories of the population, except the mentally ill
and convicted, could now be excluded from voting. |
in
reality, however, the pseudo-democratic facade of 搗ictorious
socialism?masked a system in which the state exercised unlimited
control, from politics to the economy. the economic basis of this
system was proclaimed to be socialist on the claim that it was based
on 損ublic ownership.?in fact, the term public ownership masked the
monopoly of state ownership, with the state acting as the supreme
manager of nationalized productive resources. the state exercised
control not just over the means of production but also over the very
physical and spiritual existence of the individual. stalin抯
officials dominated the lives of ordinary citizens not only through
terror but also because the state they represented became virtually
the sole employer.
by
the second half of the 1930s the soviet economy had taken on a
significant labor-camp flavor. forced labor acquired massive
proportions, turning into a major factor of economic development. it
was organized in the networks of reformatory camps and settlements
run by the chief directorate of reformatory camps, better known by
its russian acronym, gulag. the camps were set in remote and
inhospitable areas of the arid steppe and above the arctic circle
and provided cheap labor to develop new territories and natural
resources in extreme climatic conditions. the convicts dug canals,
laid rail track, built factories, mined gold, and felled timber.
they produced nearly half of all soviet gold, at least a third of
platinum and timber, and contributed to one-fifth of major
construction projects. entire new towns were conjured up out of the
ground by forced labor.
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