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one
of the main reasons for this sudden reorientation toward germany was
the deteriorating situation close to the soviet borders. on 22 march
1939 germany had occupied the lithuanian port of klaipeda, forcing
lithuania to conclude a humiliating treaty. a large-scale german invasion in the
baltic area seemed to be in the offing. moreover,
the governments of the three baltic states of lithuania, latvia, and
estonia took an openly anti-soviet stand; and two of them桳atvia and
estonia梥igned friendly nonaggression treaties with germany. the
soviet leadership had grounds to fear that germany was preparing to
launch an attack on the ussr from the territories of the three
baltic states and poland. the security situation at soviet borders
was jeopardized further because of the escalating military tension
in the far east, where the red army was involved in large-scale
military operations against japan in the summer months of 1938 and
1939. |
under these circumstances, stalin and molotov made the decision to
terminate the talks with britain and france and to conclude a nonaggression
treaty with germany.
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the main advantage of the pact
seemed to stalin to be that it gave the ussr a much-needed strategic
respite to augment its military-economic capabilities. moreover, it
kept the soviet union out of the fray that was about to engulf
搃mperialist?capitalist nations. moscow would be able to watch from
the sidelines how its class antagonists fought with one another
until they bled themselves white.
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in
the meantime, the ussr would pursue some of its own imperial
ambitions by expanding its borders farther west in accordance with
the treaty抯 secret protocol. in addition, moscow hoped to use
germany抯 influence over its japanese ally to put pressure on tokyo
to restrain its aggressive anti-soviet intentions in the far east.
hitler抯 own objectives in securing the treaty with the soviet union
were also strictly pragmatic. he wanted to neutralize the ussr as a
possible adversary for a period of about two years. this would give
germany enough time to achieve its military-strategic objectives in
western and central europe.
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